The end products of digestion move from gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymphatic system in a process called absorption. The lymphatic system in a process called absorption. The lymphatic system transports lymph from the tissues to the blood stream. Eventually, all fluid in the lymphatic system enters the blood.
The end products of digestion include the monosaccharides from carbohydrate digestion, the fatty acids and glycerol from fats, and small peptides and amino acids from protein digestion. Absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine.
Small intestine:
The inner surface of the small intestine has mucosal folds, villi and microvilli to increase the surface area for maximum absorption. The mucosal folds are like pleats in fabric. On each fold are millions of finger like projections, called villus. Each villus has hundreds of microscopic, hair-like projections called microvilli, on its surface. Within each villus is a vessel called a lacteal. The villi absorb nutrients from the chime by way of these blood and lymph vessels.
Large intestine:
IT is also called the colon, extends from the ileum to the anus. When the chime leaves the small intestine, it enters the first portion of the large intestine, the eceum. Chyme leaves the cecum and travels through the remaining parts of the large intestine. The ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, the rectum and the anal canal.
Water is the main substance absorbed by the large intestine, absorption of some minerals and vitamins also occurs in the colon. Vitamins synthesized by intestinal bacteria including Vitamin K and some of the B complexes are absorbed from the colon.
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